所有的股權架構，本質上就起3個作用啊，分別是這個第一個規避風險，第二個是控制權集中，第三個是稅務安排；

All equity structures essentially serve three purposes, namely risk mitigation, concentration of control, and tax arrangements;

一、規避風險

1、 Risk avoidance

規避風險這點在新公司法施行后，尤其是所謂的“防火墻公司”，其實已經沒有太多的作用了啊；

After the implementation of the new company law, especially the so-called "firewall companies", risk avoidance has lost much of its effectiveness;

一是新公司法，要五年內完成注冊資金實繳，加快了實繳期，既然已經實繳了，說白了我們股東的責任已經履行完成了，你就不用再承擔更多責任了；

One is the new company law, which requires the registered capital to be paid in within five years, accelerating the payment period. Since we have already paid in, in other words, our shareholder responsibilities have been fulfilled, and you do not need to bear any more responsibilities;

二是新公司法的橫、縱向都有穿透了；

Secondly, the new company law has penetrated both horizontally and vertically;

縱向穿透：新《公司法》：公司股東濫用公司法人獨立地位和股東有限責任，逃避債務，嚴重損害公司債權人利益的，應當對公司債務承擔連帶責任；就是可以由公司穿透到個人連帶責任；

Vertical penetration: According to the new Company Law, if a company's shareholders abuse the independent status of the legal person and the limited liability of shareholders, evade debts, and seriously damage the interests of the company's creditors, they shall bear joint and several liability for the company's debts; It can penetrate from the company to individual joint liability;

橫向穿透：新《公司法》：股東利用其控制的兩個以上公司實施前款規定行為的（即濫用公司法人獨立地位和股東有限責任，逃避債務，嚴重損害公司債權人利益的），各公司應當對任一公司的債務承擔連帶責任。

Horizontal penetration: According to the new Company Law, if a shareholder uses two or more companies under their control to commit the acts specified in the preceding paragraph (i.e. abuses the independent status of the company's legal person and the limited liability of shareholders, evades debts, and seriously damages the interests of the company's creditors), each company shall bear joint and several liability for the debts of any company.

就是多個公司之間，可以橫向穿透到任一個公司連帶責任；

It means that multiple companies can horizontally penetrate into any one company's joint liability;

二、控制權集中

2、 Concentration of Control

這點是可以通過股權架構去實現的，比如我想給我的股東去分股份，但是我不想讓他擁有投票權、決策權，我想把決策權全部控制在我自己手里，然后我可以給他分錢，但不愿意給他分權，對吧？可以通過搭建一個有限合伙企業來做為持股平臺來實現這點，具體有限合伙企業怎么去搭建，我主頁有相關的內容，感興趣的可以去看看，這里就不去細講了。

This can be achieved through equity structure, for example, I want to distribute shares to my shareholders, but I don't want them to have voting or decision-making power. I want to control all decision-making power in my own hands, and then I can give them money, but I don't want to delegate power to them, right? This can be achieved by setting up a limited partnership enterprise as a shareholding platform. The specific steps for setting up a limited partnership enterprise can be found on my homepage. If you are interested, you can take a look. I won't go into detail here.

三、稅務安排

3、 Tax arrangements

控股公司的設置啊，在3件事上可以少交稅，或者說延遲交稅。

The establishment of a holding company can reduce or delay tax payments in three aspects.

其一：用于投資的資金能減免稅款；

One: Funds used for investment can be exempted from taxes;

分紅上來的資金，如果是個人股東直接繳納20%的個稅啊，公司分紅免征，只要你不繼續往上分紅，資金可以用于其他投資。

If the funds from dividends are directly paid by individual shareholders with a 20% personal income tax, the company's dividends are exempt. As long as you do not continue to distribute dividends, the funds can be used for other investments.

其二：投資損失的抵免；

Secondly, offsetting investment losses;

比如說我投資A公司，賺了100萬，交20%個稅；投資B公司，虧了100萬，能夠互抵嗎？個人不能，要交20萬個稅；控股公司可以抵免。

For example, when I invested in Company A and earned 1 million, I paid 20% personal income tax; Investing in Company B resulted in a loss of 1 million, can we offset it? Individuals are not allowed to pay a personal income tax of 200000 yuan; The holding company can offset.

其三，公司之間虧損相抵，減免部分稅費；

Thirdly, offsetting losses between companies and reducing some taxes and fees;

控股公司的實際稅負低于業務公司的，因為控股公司它是純粹的費用中心啊，基于這一點你就可以做一定的稅務安排，最常見的就是向下安排股東借款，控股公司收息，這個利息通常來講仍然不能夠覆蓋虧損啊，那也就不需要交稅，而業務公司層面可以享受利息扣除。

The actual tax burden of a holding company is lower than that of a business company because it is a pure expense center. Based on this, you can make certain tax arrangements, the most common of which is to arrange shareholder loans downwards. The holding company collects interest, which usually cannot cover losses, so there is no need to pay taxes, and the business company can enjoy interest deduction.